153-2012-0258
美国FDA的最新研究，研究怀疑最近流行的无谷粮可能和狗的某种心脏病有关系，并公布了一系列报告病例。详细报道可以戳这里：无谷粮遭质疑，FDA点名16家品牌，爱肯拿等在列。这个话题近期在美国主流媒体也引起了不少讨论和关注，另一方面，也有不同声音认为，FDA的报告没有将其他各种因素排查穷尽，还不能下结论认为“无谷”是导致DCM的原因。
今天分享一个不同的声音，作者是一位美国兽医，多年来一直主张无谷喂养(自制鲜粮喂养)。为了方便各位中国宠物读者参考，我们对其博客文章进行了部分摘选，并通过中英文对照的形式供各位参考。
The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) launched a study one year ago investigating dogs diagnosed with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) .Recently the FDA reported its findings of what they know to date.
一年前，美国联邦药物管理局(FDA)发起了一项研究，对被诊断为扩张型心肌病(DCM)的犬进行了一项研究。 最近FDA报告了他们迄今为止所知的发现。
What we know
我们确定的信息
There are an estimated 77 million dogs in the United States.
据估计，美国有7700万只狗。
DCM has been reported in dogs and cats years prior to this report. Common causes are genetic, however infectious disease (viral, bacterial and parasitic), heavy metal toxicity, chemotherapy drugs, obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disorders can cause DCM.There are 560 reported dog cases of DCM and 14 cat cases in the FDA investigation. This represents 0.0007% of the total dog population in the United States.
关于狗和猫的DCM在本报告之前就已经被报告过。常见的病因是遗传，但传染病(病毒，细菌和寄生虫)，重金属毒性，化疗药物，肥胖，糖尿病和其他代谢紊乱可能导致DCM。在FDA调查里，出现了560宗犬患DCM个案及14宗猫个案。这占了美国狗总数的0.0007%。
Dogs ate grain-free and grain-containing diets; most ate grain free in the FDA investigation. It is not known if the amount of grain-free diets fed represents a market share。
狗吃无谷和含有谷物的食物;在FDA的调查中，大多数狗吃的是无谷粮。目前不能确定这是否和无谷粮的市场份额相匹配。
The 77-page complaint report contained dogs and cats diagnosed with DCM. Some of the dogs were NOT diagnosed with an echocardiogram, which is the standard of care to diagnose DCM.
这份77页的投诉报告包括了很多被诊断为DCM的狗和猫。但有些狗没有超声心动图诊断，而这是诊断DCM的标准流程。
The FDA has made no recommendations since starting the investigation over one year ago.
自一年多前开始调查以来，FDA并没有提出任何建议。
My findings and experience
我的发现和经验
I have recommended grain-free diets since 2005 (14 years.) While practicing I have diagnosed 4 cases of DCM in 21 years of seeing medical cases.In the whole scheme of health risks for dogs, this study is very small and the DCM is relatively uncommon in the general population. In scientific analysis and study, 0.0007% is not statically significant. To put it into perspective over 50% of American dogs are overweight. Obesity also causes DCM.
自2005年以来，我这14年一直在推荐不含谷物的宠物饮食方式。在实践中，我在21年的医疗案例中诊断出4例DCM。在整个狗的健康风险中，这项研究规模非常小，DCM通常是比较少见的。在科学分析和研究中，0.0007%没有统计学意义。从长远来看，超过50%的美国狗超重，而肥胖也会引起DCM。
Processed food is considered to have less nutritional value than whole fresh food. Poor nutrition in people is a contributing factor to DCM in humans. Let’s face it, ANY dog food in a can, bag or bulk container is processed in some way. It is not the most nutritious food. The most nutritious food is fresh。 I recommend adding in fresh cooked meat, like turkey, chicken, beef or fish with each meal in addition to fresh veggies. For cats, only add in the meat. I do recommend raw meat feeding IF it comes from a SAFE commercial handler of raw meat like Primal Pet foods. Please do not feed grocery store meat raw. It contains bacteria levels, which are considered safe only if cooked. Cooked grocery store meat is safe.
加工食品比新鲜食品营养价值更低，营养不良是导致DCM的一个重要因素。让我们面对现实：罐头、袋装或散装的任何狗粮都是以某种方式加工的，它不是最有营养的食物。最有营养的食物是新鲜的。我建议在宠物饮食里，除了新鲜蔬菜，要添加新鲜熟肉，如火鸡，鸡肉，牛肉或鱼。猫只加肉。如果生肉来自安全的加工商，我建议食用生肉。请不要把杂货店的生肉用来喂食，它的细菌水平可能超标，只有在煮熟后才被认为是安全的。喂熟食杂货店的肉通常是安全的。
I believe I have “fixed” more medical problems with grain-free diets than I have with grain-containing diets. Many grains cause issues in our pets including skin, ear and anal gland problems. By removing grains, we remove itchiness and discomfort for many pets. I am a huge supporter that food is medicine and by modifying diets, we can fix many diseases. Perhaps the biggest disease is obesity affecting over 50% of our dogs. Grain-free food, when fed properly, gets dogs to lose weight, and weight loss fixes many problems.
我相信相比含有谷物的食品，无谷的饮食解决了更多的宠物医疗问题。许多谷物会引发宠物健康问题，包括皮肤、耳朵和肛门腺等。通过把谷物从食谱里去掉，我们消除了许多宠物的瘙痒和不适。我非常支持“食疗”，通过改变饮食，可以防御很多疾病。也许最大的疾病就是肥胖，肥胖影响了超过50%的狗。如果喂食合适的无谷食物，可以让狗保持更健康的身材，而减肥可以解决非常多问题。
Some of the dog foods in the investigation are over-represented like Zignature and Acana pet foods. These pet foods do contain peas as a protein source. Peas provide a great deal of protein but provide protein from a plant source, not a meat source. Not all protein sources are considered equal. Specific amino acids are found in meats that are not found in plants. One is taurine.This is why a vegetarian diet is not recommended for your dog.
调查中的一些宠物食品问题被夸大了。比如zignature和acana。这些食物中的确使用了豌豆作为蛋白质来源。豌豆提供了大量蛋白质，但是植物蛋白而非动物来源蛋白。并不是所有的蛋白质都是一样的，有一些特定氨基酸只存在于肉类中，比如牛磺酸。这就是为什么我不推荐你的狗吃素。
UC Davis published a report in 2003 of dogs eating lamb and rice food that had low taurine levels and hypothesized it caused DCM.
加州大学戴维斯分校于2003年发表了一份报告。当狗吃羊肉和米饭时，牛磺酸含量较低，并假设这是引起DCM的原因。
Determining what causes DCM in the dog is very complicated. So far only grain-free diets has been implicated. One important observation is that ALL but one or two of these diets were processed (one or two were homemade.) As a veterinarian I must recommend what I think is best for my patients, natural fresh food is best. If you cannot cook for your pet daily (which most of us can’t) then second best is anything in moderation, so adding in fresh cooked meat and veggies daily is a great option.
要确定狗患有DCM的原因非常复杂。到目前为止，只有无谷物饮食被密切关联。一项重要的观察是，除了一到两个特例，大部分被报告的都是喂的加工食品。作为一名兽医，我必须推荐我认为对我的病人最好的，自然新鲜的食物是最好的。如果你不能每天为你的宠物做饭(我们大多数人都做不到)，那么第二好的选择就是适度烹饪，所以每天添加新鲜的熟肉和蔬菜是一个很好的选择。
My Recommendations
我的建议
The FDA has not made any formal recommendations. They recommend you speak with your veterinarian.
FDA没有提出任何正式建议。他们建议你咨询兽医。
If you are concerned, your dog can be examined by a veterinarian, chest xrays and an echocardiogram can be performed to rule-out DCM.
如果你担心，你的狗可以通过兽医检查，胸部X光检查和超声心动图可以排除DCM。
Researchers at UC Davis do believe that Golden Retrievers may have a genetic predilection to DCM and taurine deficiency. If you own a Golden who’s parents have DCM, it is important to get a baseline echocardiogram and cardiac workup for your dog.
加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员认为，金毛猎犬可能更容易发生DCM和牛磺酸缺乏。如果你拥有一条金毛而且它的父母有DCM病史，可以为你的狗做一个超声心动图和心脏检查。
At this time I do not recommend switching your dog off of grain-free food if your dog is doing well. I do recommend adding in fresh meat (cooked) and veggies daily to add fresh protein, vitamins and minerals. I do recommend rotating diets to give your dog a variety of foods. Rotating meat and veggies is also important. I do recommend seeing your veterinarian on a routine basis to have your dog examined to pick up on any disease. Exercise and keeping your dog lean also contributes to a healthy pet.
如果你的狗现在状态很好，我认为你不应该放弃无谷物喂养。我建议每天添加新鲜肉类(熟食)和蔬菜，添加新鲜蛋白质、维生素和矿物质。我确实推荐给你的狗轮流喂多种食物，轮换肉类和蔬菜也很重要。我建议你让兽医保持日常检查，以发现任何疾病迹象。运动和保持你的狗的好身材也有助于它度过健康长寿的一生。
本文参考来源：《FDA, DCM and Grain-free Diets》 https://canobievet.com/fda-dcm-and-grain-free-diets/
图片来源：Pixabay
中文编译：ilowlow@宠物行业观察
