153-2012-0258
今天我们来撸另一个猫圈被奉为真理的说法，纯白色猫的分类，以及他们的听力问题。
正文：
本文有两个主题，一个是导致纯白蓝眼的不同因素，另一个是眼睛颜色、毛发颜色和耳朵失聪的关系。
导致白色猫咪的因素有4种。
Dominant white (more properly "epistatic white" since it occurs on a different gene to the black-based or red-based colours) denoted by the gene symbol WD(previously "W"), is the colour associated with deafness in cats. Dominant white masks all other colours and purebred dominant white cats may have blue, orange or odd eyes (randombred dominant white cats have a wider palette of colours). Those with blue eyes have a high chance of deafness. Those with one blue eye have a high chance of deafness on the blue-eyed side. Those with orange eyes are far less likely to be deaf. Some dominant white kittens are born with smudges of coloured fur on top of the head where the colour is incompletely masked, this smudge of colour usually disappears by adulthood, but kittens with colour smudges are more likely to have normal hearing. These cats are not albinos; genetically they can be any colour, but the white is dominant to those other colours (albinism is an absence of other colours).
白色显性基因（更确切的说应该叫做“白色上等位基因",因为上等位基因在白色系和黑色系中的猫都会出现）。用WD符号表示（之前一直用W）
WD导致的白色和耳聋有关，这中类型的白色得以覆盖其他的颜色，纯种猫中的WD基因会有蓝色、黄色或者异瞳的眼睛（随机交配的WD猫眼睛颜色则要复杂得多），那些带有蓝色眼睛的猫有非常大的失聪的风险，橘色眼睛的白猫听力则很少受到影响。
携带WD基因的猫很可能在小的时候头顶会有小块的颜色，这是由于不完全覆盖导致的，随着年龄的增长这个色块会逐渐退掉。这种幼年头顶带色块的小猫听力大部分听力是正常的。
无论纯白WD还是幼年头顶带色块的WD都不是携带白化基因。在基因层面他们可以是任意颜色的猫，但由于WD基因的覆盖作用，这些颜色都不会显示出来。头顶带颜色的幼年WD猫头顶上的颜色猫携带的本色。
建议繁育人在这一时期给拍个照片六个纪念，因为这个颜色会消失。还有要说明的是，之所以WD跟白化基因不同，是因为WD是覆盖颜色，而身体里不缺乏颜色，而白化是身体缺少颜色。
Lacy带有WD基因，眼睛为蓝色，他是个聋子
Mikey带有WD基因，他也是个聋子
In some animals, the blue-eyed white trait is sex-linked (carried on the X chromosome) and is found in males more often than in females. In cats, the gene for white is carried on an autosome (a chromosome other than the X or Y sex chromosomes) and the trait occurs equally in male and female cats. Blue-eyed white is not sex-linked in cats.
有些纯白蓝眼的属性是由性染色体携带的（由X染色体携带），所以纯白蓝眼公出现的概率比纯白蓝眼母的概率高。而猫则是把纯白蓝眼属性带在常染色体上，所以在公猫母猫身上发生纯白蓝眼的概率应该是一样的。
Readers may have noticed that there are dominant white cats with green, yellow or hazel eyes. In pedigree cats, only orange, odd or blue are accepted with dominant white. Orange eyes were selectively bred from the original mish-mash of eye colours back in the late 1800s when many white cats back had nondescript yellowish eyes. It may be easier to think of it in terms of orange = "pigmented" and blue = "non pigmented." Orange is just one colour in a continuous spectrum between green, yellow, orange and hazel. Random bred cats have a lot more variety in terms of pigment because they aren't bred to standardised colours through generations of selective breeding for the most intense coppery-orange possible. Cats with coloured and patterned coats can have all sorts of eye colours. Dominant white masks the coat colour, but does not always mask the eye colour (otherwise there would never be orange-eyed whites). So in random bred dominant white cats there is a much wider range of eye colours even though the fur is white. In the past, a variety known as the Russian Angora was a green-eyed dominant white variety.
你可能已经注意到了，WD基因可以有很多种眼睛颜色，蓝色、绿色、榛色。但在血统猫中只接受橘色、异瞳或蓝眼。
橘色眼睛是从混乱的眼睛颜色中筛选繁育培育出来的，时间可以追溯到19世纪，那时许多猫的眼睛颜色是没办法描述的类黄色。比较容易想到橘色眼睛是带有色素的，而蓝色眼睛是不带色素的状态。橘色只是众多眼睛颜色中的一种。
WD基因会覆盖毛发的颜色，但不总是覆盖眼睛的颜色（要不然就不会出现橘色的眼睛颜色）。在过去，一个叫做“俄罗斯安哥拉”的品种就是纯白绿眼的WD类型。
白色斑点基因（WHITE SPOTTING）
The gene for white spotting, denoted by the gene symbol "WS" (previously just "S"), can also create the impression of a self white cat. This gene is dominant and is variable in the way it is expressed - a cat may have a small amount of white or may be wholly white and all stages in between those two extremes. Unlike dominant white, white spotting is not linked to deafness. The lockets and buttons in solid cats are thought to be a wild variation of gene, and are not the "white spotting" gene.
白斑基因基因符号表示为“WS”（之前是“S”），也可以导致白色的猫。这是个显性基因，并且有多种表现形式。因为是显性基因所以不存在WS携带者的说法（携带WS但不表现出白斑），这也就是什么在CFA办证书的时候，加白的后代，其父母至少一个是加白的。白斑基因WS可以表现出带极少白色——全白的不同程度。
请注意白斑基因跟耳朵失聪没有关系。
纽扣色（纯色猫种的胸前或身体某部位出现突兀的白色块）不被认为是白斑基因的结果，他们不是白斑基因。这个地方儿是个重点，我是布偶繁育人，很多人跟我杠白斑控制理论，自己已经能够很好的控制白斑基因，自己家的猫已经摆脱白斑基因的困扰了，这个是我不相信的。因为白耳朵白尾巴的形成很有可能是纽扣色引起的，控制白斑有个什么用。如果有想找我讨论的同学，请说出你的依据，并附上研究全文。我不相信没有足够的实验数据你自己能悟出来。
白斑基因表达 很少白色——纯白
Albino is generally thought of as pure white, but the situation in cats is more complex. There are five known alleles for albinism: blue-eyed albino ("ca"), pink-eyed albino ("c"), Burmese pattern ("cb"), Siamese pattern ("cs")and full colour (non-albino, "C"). Full colour is dominant to all of the other four alleles. Burmese pattern is incompletely dominant to Siamese pattern; cats that inherit one of each of those genes will be intermediate in pattern and is known as Tonkinese. A quirk of the Siamese form of albinism is that it is temperature dependent with warm areas of the body being paler than cooler areas. For this reason, it is often described as "colour restriction" rather than albinism. Pink-eyed albino appears to be recessive to all of the other albino mutations. Albinism is not linked to deafness in cats ("dominant white" (W) is the gene linked to deafness).
白化是隐性基因纯白色，但白化的情况比较复杂，
一共有五种白化基因：ca=蓝眼白化，c=红眼白化，cb=缅甸白化，cs=暹罗白化，C=纯色（非白化）。
纯色非白化显性与其他四种白化，红眼白化隐性于其他四种白化基因。白化基因和聋子没有关系。
95% of the general cat population is non-white cats (i.e. not pure white) and congenital deafness is extremely rare in non-white cats.
5% of the general cat population is white cats (i.e. pure white). 15-40% of these pure white cats have one or two blue-eyes.
Of those white cats with one or two blue eyes, 60-80% are deaf; 20-40% have normal hearing; 30-40% had one blue eye and were deaf while 60-70% had one blue eye and normal hearing.
Of the 5% of white cats in the overall population, 60-80% had eyes of other colors (e.g. orange, green). Of those 10- 20% were deaf and 80-90% had normal hearing.
Deaf white cats with one or two blue eyes account for 0.25 - 1.5 of total cat population
Total number of cats with white coat and blue eyes account for 0.75 - 2.0% of total cat population
1. 95%的猫都不是纯白色，非纯白色猫极少有先天性耳聋。
2. 5%的白猫当中，有15-40%的猫有一个或两个蓝眼睛
3. 在这些蓝眼睛白猫当中60-80%是聋子，20-40%听力正常；30-40%一个蓝眼睛猫的单边耳朵失聪。60-70%一个蓝眼睛的猫耳朵正常。
4. 在白猫当中，有60-80%的猫长有其他花色（橘色、绿色）。这些猫种只有10-20%的耳朵是听不见的。
5.带有一只或两只蓝眼睛并且是聋子的猫占猫咪总数的0.25-1.5%之间。
6.纯白蓝眼猫占总猫口的0.75-2.0%之间。
所以，白猫蓝眼不全都是聋子。
