目 的
本研究描述了原发性和复发性猫注射部位肉瘤(FISSs)的超声和计算机断层扫描(CT)特征。
方 法
在2005年至2013年期间,我们选择了32只猫进行前瞻性和回顾性研究。CT扫描分析肿瘤形状和边缘、脂肪组织增厚、肌肉和骨骼受累、造影前和造影后衰减、脂肪平面模糊、钙化和液化坏死、肿瘤内区域和跳跃性转移。采用超声分析回声、结构、肿瘤边缘和瘤周组织特征。
结 果
形状不规则(62.5%)和指状突起(100.0%)、混合对比增强(瘤周和瘤内)(67.7%)、脂肪平面模糊(68.8%)和肿瘤内坏死迹象(68.8%)是主要的CT表现。超声检查均显示肿瘤边缘不规则,周围高回声包膜状边缘,回声不均,高回声组织与邻近皮下组织的形成和增厚相邻。83.3%的病例记录有混合回声和提示肿瘤液化性坏死的区域。跳跃转移与肿瘤复发高度相关(P=0.001)。在邻近脂肪组织增厚的肿瘤中,肌肉受累的发生率往往更高(P=0.003)。
图1横向断层扫描图像显示了受猫注射部位肉瘤影响的猫的不同肿瘤形状(箭头)和数字化投影(箭头)。(a)无形;(b)多叶,(c)纺锤形和(d)椭圆形肿瘤
图2横向断层图像显示猫注射部位肉瘤形状的平面成分(箭头)。(a)复发性;(b)非复发性肿瘤
图3猫注射部位肉瘤的横断面对比后断层图像显示肿瘤邻近皮下脂肪组织增厚。靠近原发肿瘤的切片皮下脂肪组织(箭头)(这些图像中未显示)。(a)胸椎背侧和(b)腰椎皮下脂肪组织
图4猫注射部位肉瘤的横向断层扫描图像显示混合肿瘤增强。(a)对比前不均匀衰减;(b)混合对比后增强(外周和不均匀)(箭头)。N.=区提示肿瘤内液体活动性坏死
图5猫注射部位肉瘤的横向断层扫描图像显示瘤周脂肪平面模糊。(a)瘤周脂肪预衰减;(b)轻度后增强典型的脂肪面模糊(箭头)。*在这两个阶段均可见均匀的腹部脂肪组织
图6 32例猫注射部位肉瘤(FISS)肌肉受累的患病率。在32只猫中,皮肤躯干和斜腹肌更容易受到FISS的影响
图7猫注射部位肉瘤的横向对比后断层扫描图像。结节状图像符合肿瘤附近的跳跃性转移(薄箭头)
图8在前瞻性研究中扫描的6例猫注射部位肉瘤的主要超声特征(B超)。(a、b、e)混合回声回声不均、边缘不规则和数字化形突出(不规则箭头);(b、d、e、f)囊状高回声边缘(细箭头);(a、c)与肿瘤相邻的高回声组织(*);(a、c)周围皮下组织增厚,对应于细、线性、低回声的浅表图像(宽箭头)
结 论
本研究强调了FISS病变常见的CT和超声特征。所采用的成像方式允许评估瘤周炎症,特别是脂肪组织炎症。影像学数据可能有助于FISS的诊断、治疗计划和患者的随访。
个人经验与感想
1.猫注射部位肉瘤(FISSs)是医生老生常谈的话题之一,其中最常谈论到的便是疫苗注射与FISS的关系。目前只遇到过一例在肩胛周围出现的FISS,生长速度较快,且内部出现坏死区域,穿刺可抽出较多积液,对症治疗后效果不佳,后取样送检确诊为FISS。现目前FISS的发病原因不明确,且具有高复发性。
2.关于FISS部位的统计,可常见于日常皮下注射部位。CT检查可见表现:内部液化、周围脂肪增厚、部分钙化等。
3.在临床工作中,体表的肿物常常先使用超声扫查,当扫查图像可见不均匀的回声纹理,内部坏死,边缘不规则,皮下组织周围高回声或增厚、肿瘤内部液体活动性坏死等。
4.现犬猫肿瘤的诊断越来越多,通常会结合CT及增强扫描。我院平均每月接诊及处置肿瘤病例20-35例(常见体表肿瘤切除不列入统计),最常见的病例例如脾脏血管肉瘤,鼻腔肿瘤,犬猫肥大细胞瘤,淋巴瘤,消化道肿瘤,肛周瘤等。现除了常规的切除、化疗等常规方案外,腔镜采样、液氮疗法及氩氦刀的使用频率大大提高。
图中使用CT定位配合氩氦刀治疗犬鼻腔肿瘤
Recurrent and non-recurrent feline injection-site sarcoma: computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findingsObjectives This study describes the sonographic and computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of primary and recurrent feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs).Methods Between 2005 and 2013, 32 cats were selected for prospective and retrospective studies. Tumor shape and margins, presence of thickening of the adipose tissue, muscular and bone involvement, pre- and postcontrast attenuation, blurring of fat planes, calcification and liquefactive necrosis, intratumoral areas and skip metastasis were analyzed in CT scans. Echogenicity, echotexture, tumor margins and peritumoral tissue characteristics were analyzed by ultrasound (US).Results Irregular shape (62.5%) with digitiform projections (100.0%), mixed (peripheral and intratumoral) contrast enhancement (67.7%), blurring of fat planes (68.8%) and signs of liquefactive intratumoral necrosis (68.8%) were the prevailing CT findings. Ultrasonography revealed irregular tumor margins, peripheral hyperechoic capsule-like rim, heterogeneous echotexture, and hyperechoic tissue contiguous with the formations and thickening of adjacent subcutaneous tissues in all cases. Mixed echogenicity with areas suggestive of tumor liquefactive necrosis was documented in 83.3% of cases. Skip metastases were highly correlated with tumor recurrence (P = 0.001). The incidence of muscular involvement tended to be higher (P = 0.003) in tumors presenting with thickening of adjacent adipose tissue.Conclusions and relevance CT and US features common to FISS lesions were highlighted in this study. The imaging modalities employed allowed assessment of peritumoral inflammation, particularly adipose tissue inflammation. Imaging data may contribute to FISS diagnosis, therapeutic planning and patient follow-up.