中性粒细胞中毒性改变可能是白细胞在血涂片中最常见的形态学变化。是异常的粒细胞生成和系统性炎症性反应的结果。最严重的变化主要见于脓毒症、内毒素败血症或组织坏死的动物。中毒性改变代表中性粒细胞异常，其严重程度或改变程度至少与实际病变所涉及的细胞比例一样重要。中性粒细胞中毒改变可表现为杜勒小体、胞质嗜碱性、泡沫状胞质空泡化、中毒颗粒、巨大的嗜中性粒细胞以及环形核等。
杜勒小体（Döhle bodies）是最温和的中毒性的嗜中性粒细胞改变。在嗜中性粒细胞中呈现出不规则的灰色斑块，表示为内质网异常聚集。杜勒小体总是出现在犬的系统性炎症反应中，但偶尔会见于没有明显炎症的猫中，伴随颗粒增加。Döhle bodies are the mildest form of toxic neutrophilic change. These irregular gray patches in neutrophil cytoplasm represent aberrant aggregations of endoplasmic reticulum. Döhle bodies always indicate a systemic effect of inflammation in dogs but are occasionally seen without significant inflammation in cats with increased granulopoiesis
脓胸患猫的嗜碱性粒细胞和巨大的杜勒小体表明影响到骨髓粒细胞生成的系统性中毒。背景中的红细胞是由于采集的血液样本中含过量的乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)而产生的。(瑞氏染色。原始放大250x。)
Cytoplasmic basophilia and a large Döhle body in this neutrophil from a cat with pyothorax indicate systemic toxicity affecting marrow granulocytopoiesis. The red blood cells in the background are crenated as a result of excess ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the collected blood sample. (Wright stain. Original magnification 250×.)胞质嗜碱性（Cytoplasmic basophilia）是比较严重的中毒改变，细胞内表现为淡染的同质性的蓝色至不均质的蓝紫色胞质。当伴随杜勒小体时，胞质嗜碱性可能会发生在杆状核和成熟的嗜中性粒细胞中。Cytoplasmic basophilia is a more severe form of toxic change that appears as pale, homogeneous, blue to patchy blue-purple cytoplasm in affected cells. As with Döhle bodies, cytoplasmic basophilia may occur in band as well as mature neutrophils.胞质嗜碱性（Cytoplasmic basophilia）泡沫状胞质空泡化（Foamy cytoplasmic vacuolization）是严重的系统性中毒和被认为是异常溶酶体形成和细胞内自溶酶释放的结果。这种中毒改变表现为胞质中有许多模糊的空泡，使其呈肥皂泡沫样外观。Foamy cytoplasmic vacuolization is an indication of severe systemic toxicity and considered a result of abnormal lysosome formation and intracellular release of the autolyzing enzymes. This toxic change appears as many vaguely defined vacuoles throughout the cytoplasm, giving it a soap bubbles–like appearance泡沫状胞质空泡化（Foamy cytoplasmic vacuolization）
犬的中性粒细胞展示出的改变与炎症有关，且呈明显的系统性中性改变。细胞质出现轻微的嗜碱性和空泡。（瑞氏染色，原始放大250倍。）
A canine neutrophil showing changes associated with inflammation and marked systemic toxicity. The cytoplasm appears slightly basophilic and foamy. (Wright stain. Original magnification 250×.)中毒颗粒（Toxic granulation）不常见，其发生于严重的异常颗粒生成。小的、零散的，粉红色的胞质内颗粒表示为保留了初始的颗粒粘多糖，其正常情况下在嗜中性粒细胞成熟过程中消失。Toxic granulation is an uncommon finding that occurs with severely aberrant granulopoiesis. The small, scattered, red-pink cytoplasmic granules represent the retained primary granule mucopolysaccharide that is normally lost during neutrophil maturation.
犬的中性粒细胞中，中毒颗粒分散状，小而圆，呈嗜酸性至异染性。细胞展示出胞质嗜碱性和空泡化。（瑞氏染色，原始放大250倍。）
Toxic granulation, as noted by the scattered, small, round, eosinophilic to metachromatic cytoplasmic granules, in a canine neutrophil. The cell also shows cytoplasmic basophilia and foaminess. (Wright stain. Original magnification 250×.)巨大的嗜中性粒细胞（Giant neutrophils）表示为跳过了中性粒细胞前体细胞快速分裂过程。巨大的嗜中性粒细胞形态上与杆状核或成熟的嗜中性粒细胞相似，但体积是其两倍，并且，相对于犬，更常见于中毒性中性粒细胞增多症的猫中。Giant neutrophils represent skipped mitotic divisions of rapidly developing neutrophil precursor cells. Giant neutrophils are similar in appearance to, but about twice the size of, band or mature neutrophils and are generally found more often in cats with toxic neutropoiesis than in dogs巨大的嗜中性粒细胞（Giant neutrophils）
猫血涂片中，巨大的中性粒细胞邻近正常比例的中性粒细胞。嗜碱性胞和杜勒小体都标志着中性粒细胞系统性中毒。（瑞氏染色，原始放大250倍。）
A giant neutrophil adjacent to a normally proportioned neutrophil in a feline blood smear.The basophilic cytoplasm and Döhle bodies in both neutrophils indicate systemic toxicity. (Wright stain. Original magnification 250×.)环形核（ring-shaped nuclei）在嗜中性粒细胞出现被认为是严重的系统性中毒，并且与败血症相关，尽管这种说法存在争议。当评估血涂片中毒改变时，重要的是不要将末端重叠的嗜中性粒细胞核误认为是中毒性环形核。ring-shaped nuclei in neutrophils were thought to be a sign of extreme systemic toxicity and associated with sepsis, although this has become more controversial recently. When evaluating blood smears for toxic changes, it is important not to mistake neutrophil nuclei with overlapping ends as toxic ring-shaped nuclei.
猫嗜中性粒细胞伴随环形核提示严重的系统性中毒。细胞呈高度液化或空泡化的胞质。（瑞氏染色。原始放大250倍。）
A feline neutrophil with a ring-shaped nucleus indicating severe systemic toxicity. The cell also has highly vacuolated or foamy cytoplasm. (Wright stain. Original magnification 250×.)《DIAGNOSTIC CYTOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY OF THE DOG AND CAT, FOURTH EDITION》
