专访世界小动物兽医师协会中国代表刘朗博士，深度解读WSAVA指导建议！

刘朗

WSAVA中国代表

第五届亚洲小动物兽医师协会联盟主席

中国兽医协会宠物诊疗分会副会长

北京小动物诊疗行业协会秘书长

新瑞鹏宠物医疗集团副董事长

记者：WSAVA日前发布了《新型冠状病毒与伴侣动物》的指导，您作为WSAVA的资深代表，又是第五届亚洲小动物兽医师协会联盟主席，能给我们介绍一下背景情况吗？

刘朗：

记者：关于指导文件中的内容，您对广大宠物主人有什么建议？

刘朗：

记者：那么，对于兽医同行而言，您是行业举足轻重的领军人物，您有什么想要嘱咐大家的吗？

刘朗：

首先，我要向在疫情期间仍然坚守在临床一线的兽医同仁表达我的敬意，是他们让更多的宠物生命得以延续，为社会公共卫生安全做出了贡献。虽然目前尚无证据表明宠物会感染新型冠状病毒，但是作为临床兽医，我们仍然要加强自身安全防护和医院环境的消毒工作，接诊前要做好医务人员和客户的体温检测，防止疾病传播的潜在可能，对自己负责，也对就诊客户负责。此外，接诊时如果遇到接触过新冠肺炎病人的宠物，在做好宠物隔离消毒的同时，要及时向兽医行政主管部门上报，并配合做好相关流行病学调查工作。最后，作为专业的兽医人员，我们要不信谣、不传谣，理智科学地对待新冠肺炎疫情。让我们共同努力，为战胜新冠肺炎，保障人与动物健康做出自己的努力。春天已经到来了，所有的灾难都会过去。

记者：您刚才也提到“一个世界，一个健康”，在接下来全国“抗疫”的过程中，作为WSAVA资深代表，您有什么想对大家说的吗？

刘朗：

我想举一个例子来解释“One World，One Health”的概念，关于这次突然爆发的新冠肺炎疫情，也包括2003年的“非典”，科学论证，和野生动物都有着千丝万缕的关系，造成自然界“静息”的病毒在人类上的传播。我们尊敬的钟南山院士在2月11日接受英国路透社的采访中，也因此大力呼吁中国政府应该永久禁止野生动物买卖。很多血淋淋、活生生的事例表明，人类的健康，不仅在人类的互助上，更在与自然的和谐共处上。

图| 刘朗博士与现任WSAVA世界小动物兽医师协会主席 Shane Ryan

图| 刘朗博士与OIE官员

刘朗博士致WSAVA的邮件：

《The New Coronavirus and Companion Animals - Advice for WSAVA Members -新型冠状病毒与伴侣宠物-致WSAVA成员的指导建议 》

WSAVA Scientific and One Health Committees 世界小动物兽医师协会科学部和One Health健康委员会 

知跃APP：张慧 翻译 

An outbreak of pneumonia in people in China has been drawing worldwide concern about a new coronavirus (termed 2019-nCoV) as a global public health risk. The new coronavirus was identified after notification of pneumonia cases of unknown cause in December 2019, diagnosed initially in the Chinese city of Wuhan, capital of Hubei province. Thousands of cases have already been detected in China, and the disease has been exported by travelers to many other countries. Initially, there was no clear evidence for person-to-person transmission. In the last few weeks, however, person-to-person spread of the 2019-nCoV has been confirmed, as shown by new cases of viral pneumonia among family members and health care providers through close contact.

一种由新型冠状病毒（被称作2019-nCov）在中国引发的肺炎疫情引起了全世界的广泛关注，已被列为国际关注的紧急公共卫生事件。2019年12月这种新型冠状病毒在一些不明原因引起的肺炎病例中被发现，首次确诊是在中国湖北的省会武汉市。中国已经检测出数以万计的病例，并且该疾病已被旅行者传播至许多其他国家。最初，没有明确的证据显示该疾病可通过人传人的形式传播。然而，在过去的几周时间内，通过一些新冠状病毒肺炎在家庭成员或医护人员之间的密切接触传播的新案例看来，2019-nCov的人传人传播形式已经得到了证实。

In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named the new virus as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).  While more cases are being reported on a daily basis in China and elsewhere, the exact source of the outbreak is still not known, but the origin is believed to be linked to the Huanan South China Seafood Market, a seafood and live animal ‘wet market’ in Wuhan. Currently, there is no evidence suggesting a specific animal host as a virus reservoir, and further investigations are ongoing.

在2020年1月，世界卫生组织（WHO）暂时将此新型病毒命名为2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCov）,中国和其他国家地区报告的病例数正在日益增长，然而病毒来源仍尚不明确，但据信与华南海鲜市场有关，这是武汉的一所海鲜活体交易市场。目前，没有证据表明哪种动物是该病毒的宿主，更进一步的调查正在进行中。

Coronaviruses belong to the family Coronaviridae. Alpha- and beta-coronaviruses usually infect mammals, while gamma and delta coronaviruses usually infect birds and fish.  Canine coronavirus, which can cause mild diarrhea and feline coronavirus, which can cause feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), are both alpha-coronaviruses. Until the appearance of 2019-nCoV, which belong to the betacoronaviruses, there were only six known coronaviruses capable of infecting humans and causing respiratory disease, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV (identified in 2002/2003) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV (identified in 2012). 2019-nCoV is more genetically related to SARS than MERS, but both are beta-coronaviruses with their origins in bats. While we don’t know for sure that this virus will behave the same way as SARS and MERS, we can use the information from both of these earlier coronaviruses to guide us.  

冠状病毒属于冠状病毒科，其中α属和β属的冠状病毒通常感染哺乳动物，γ属和δ属则通常感染鱼类和鸟类。可引起犬轻度腹泻的犬冠状病毒和引起猫传染性腹膜炎（FIP）的猫冠状病毒均属于α属冠状病毒。在β属冠状病毒2019-nCov新型冠状病毒出现以前，仅有6种冠状病毒可感染人类并引起呼吸道的相关疾病，包括严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒SARS-CoV(2002/2003年发现)和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒MERS-CoV(2012年发现)。与MERS相比，2019-nCov与SARS的基因序列更为相似，他们均为来源于蝙蝠的β属冠状病毒。虽然目前无法确定这种病毒的表现是否会像SARS和MERS一样，但我们可以利用这两种早期冠状病毒的相关信息作为指引。

In the last few weeks, rapid progresses have been made in the identification of viral etiology, isolation of infectious virus and the development of diagnostic tools. However, there are still many important questions that remain to be answered.

过去的几周内，人们已在病毒的病原学鉴定、感染性病毒的分离以及诊断工具的研发等方面取得了很大进展。但是目前仍有许多重要的问题等待回应。

The most up-to-date information and advice on human infection can be found on the WHO

(https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019) and the CDC websites (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/index.html) The most up-to-date information related to animal health is available at https://www.oie.int/scientific-expertise/specific-information-andrecommendations/questions-and-answers-on-2019novel-coronavirus/ 

有关人类感染的最新信息及建议可在以下网站查看：

世界卫生组织（WHO）网站： 

https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

美国疾控中心网站：

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/index.html

有关动物健康的最新资讯可见于世界动物卫生组织网站：

https://www.oie.int/scientific-expertise/specific-information-andrecommendations/questions-and-answers-on-2019novel-coronavirus/ 

In response to this outbreak, the WSAVA Scientific and One Health Committees have prepared the following list of frequently asked questions for the WSAVA membership with the help of Prof. Scott Weese from the University of Guelph, Canada.  We are aware of issues related to pet abandonment in China and hope that this information will be of use to veterinarians in dealing with the concerns of their clients.

为了应对此次疫情爆发的相关问题，WSAVA科学部和One Health健康委员会在加拿大圭尔夫大学的Scott Weese教授的帮助下，为WSAVA的成员准备了以下常见问题手册：

（我们得知此次疫情已关联到中国的宠物遗弃问题，希望以下信息能够帮助兽医解决宠物主人的相关疑虑。）

解答：

Visit the 2019-nCoV Prevention and Treatment page to learn about how to protect yourself from respiratory illnesses, like 2019-nCoV.

访问网页 2019-nCoV Prevention and Treatment学习如何保护自己免于感染例如2019-nCov的呼吸系统疾病。

（复制链接至浏览器：

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html）

解答：

Currently there is no evidence that pets or other domestic animals can be infected with this new coronavirus.  Additionally, there is currently no evidence that pets or other domestic animals might be a source of infection to people with the new coronavirus.  This is a rapidly evolving situation and information will be updated as it becomes available.  

目前尚无证据表明宠物或其他家畜会感染新型冠状病毒。此外，目前也无证据表明宠物或其他家畜可能成为新型冠状病毒感染人类的传染源。我们将根据迅速变化的信息及时给予更新。

解答：

Do not handle pets or other animals while sick. Although there have not been reports of pets or other animals becoming sick with 2019-nCoV, several types of coronaviruses can cause illness in animals and spread between animals and people. Until we know more, avoid contact with animals and wear a facemask if you must be around animals or care for a pet in order to protect the pet from the possibility of disease transmission.

患病时请避免接触宠物或其他动物， 尽管目前还没有宠物或其他动物感染2019-nCoV的报告，但有几种冠状病毒可导致动物患病，并在动物与人之间形成传播。当我们无法获取更多知识之前，应尽量避免接触。如果不得不接触动物或是需要照顾它们，请佩戴口罩，防止疾病传播的潜在可能。

解答：

If your pet or other animal becomes ill, call your veterinarian to let them know that you are bringing a sick pet that was exposed to a person with the new coronavirus.  Do not take the animal to a veterinary clinic until you have had a discussion with clinic staff. Tell them about any contact the animal may have had with someone with 2019-nCoV infection.  

如果你的宠物或是其他动物生病了，请致电告知兽医这只患病宠物的主人患了新冠肺炎。并且绝对不可以擅自将动物直接带去兽医诊所，除非你有事先沟通过。并已告知兽医，它们接触携带或感染新冠状病毒人员的所有细节。

解答：

We do not yet know if animals can get infected. We also do not know if they could get sick from this new coronavirus. Currently there is no evidence that pets or other domestic animals can be infected with this new coronavirus.  Additionally, there is currently no evidence that pets or other domestic animals might be a source of infection to people with the new coronavirus.  This is a rapidly evolving situation and information will be updated as it becomes available.  

我们尚且不确定动物是否会感染，我们也不知道它们是否会因新型冠状病毒而致病。目前尚无证据表明宠物或其他家养动物会被新型冠状病毒感染，另外，目前也无证据表明宠物或其他家养动物会成为致使人类感染的新冠状病毒传染源。我们将根据迅速变化的信息及时给予更新。

解答：

While this virus seems to have emerged from an animal source, it is now spreading from person-to person. Person-to-person spread is thought to occur mainly via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. At this time, it’s unclear how easily or sustainably this virus is spreading between people. Learn what is known about the spread of newly emerged coronaviruses. Importantly, there is no data to date that dogs and cats can become infected with 2019-nCoV.

虽然这种病毒被发现于某种动物，并且它正在人与人之间进行传播。据知人与人之间主要是通过感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时产生的飞沫传播。但目前尚不明确该病毒在人与人之间传播的容易程度和可持续性。有关信息请点击了解spread of newly emerged coronaviruses新型冠状病毒的最新传播情况。重要的是，迄今为止尚无数据表明狗猫会感染2019-nCoV。

（复制链接至浏览器阅读：

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html）

解答：

Currently there is no evidence that pets or other domestic animals can be infected with this new coronavirus. This is a rapidly evolving situation and information will be updated as it becomes available.  Although there have not been reports of pets or other animals becoming sick with 2019nCoV, several types of coronaviruses can cause illness in animals and spread between animals and people. Until we know more, avoid contact with animals and wear a facemask if you must be around animals or care for a pet. However, people diagnosed with 2019-nCoV should stay away from pets to help protect the pet from the potential for disease spread.

目前尚无证据表明宠物或者其他家畜会感染新型冠状病毒，我们将根据迅速变化的信息及时给予更新。尽管目前尚无宠物或其他动物感染2019-nCoV的相关报导，但有几种冠状病毒会导致动物患病，并在动物和人之间传播。在获得更多信息以前，应避免接触来源不明的动物，如果必须和宠物在一起或照顾它们，请戴上口罩。此外，被确诊新型冠状病毒感染的患者也应该与宠物保持距离，防止宠物有被传播的风险。

解答：

The canine coronavirus vaccines available in some global markets are intended to protect against enteric coronavirus infection and are NOT licensed for protection against respiratory infections.  Veterinarians should NOT use such vaccines in the face of the current outbreak thinking that there may be some form of cross-protection against 2019-nCoV.  There is absolutely no evidence that vaccinating dogs with the commercial available vaccines will provide cross-protection against the infection by the 2019-nCoV, since the enteric and respiratory viruses are distinctly different variants of coronavirus.  No vaccines are currently available in any market for respiratory coronavirus infection in the dog.  [Information from the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group].

兽医不可以使用该疫苗来对新型冠状病毒进行交叉保护。在国际市场上，犬冠状病毒疫苗旨在对抗犬肠道冠状病毒感染而非呼吸道感染。目前绝对没有证据表明，犬只接种市面常见疫苗可以为犬只提供2019-nCoV的交叉保护，因为作用于肠道和呼吸道的病毒明显是冠状病毒的不同变种。目前在所有市场上均没有任何针对犬呼吸道冠状病毒的疫苗。【以上信息来自WSAVA免疫指导小组】

FINAL VERSION OF FEB 9, 2020

2020年2月9日，最终修订版

*2020年2月11日，世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞在瑞士日内瓦宣布，将新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎命名为“COVID-19”